This lack of oxygen results in a death trap for the organisms who are unable to quickly return to the oxygen-enriched water above. The water on the seafloor of this zone is actually devoid of any oxygen content. Oxygen minutely only comes from the ice that had melted long ago from the polar regions. As in the abyssal zone, there is no light, there are no plants growing in this zone, thus no oxygen is being produced. Majorly, the abyssal zone has a temperature ranging from 2 to 3 ☌ (which is 36 to 37 ☏). The pressure in this zone presents fewer problems for the abyssal animals, however, because the pressures within their bodies are the same as those which are outside them. Thereby, the abyssal pressures range between 200 and 600 atmospheres. The Pressure system increases by about one atmosphere (which is approximately 14.7 pounds per square inch at sea level) with each 10-meter increment in the level of depth. Abyssal salinities range between 34.6 and 35.0 parts per thousand, while the temperature ranges mostly between 0° and 4° C (that is approximately 32° and 39° F). Further for the high density in this region, the brine sinks and it slowly flows along the bottom towards the Equatorial region. For the cold climate of the Antarctic, sea-ice and residual cold brine get produced. The air-sea interface is in the polar regions, specifically in the Antarctic zone. Almost 60 percent of the global surface is covered by the zone and about 83 percent of the area of the oceans and seas.Īt the air-sea interface, the waters of the Abyssal zone originate. The abyssal realm is the largest environment in the Earth’s life, covering 300,000,000 square km (that is 115,000,000 square miles). This zone covers around 83% of the total area of the ocean and covers 6l0% of the Earth's surface. At depths of 3,000 to 6,000 meters (which is approximately 9,800 to 19,700 ft), this zone remains in acute darkness.
“Abyss” is a term derived from a Greek word, which means bottomless. The abyssal zone which is also called the abyssopelagic zone is the layer of the pelagic zone of the ocean. The waters that are deeper than 6,000 m are being treated separately by ecologists. While this depth varies between 1,000 to 3,000 m. The upper boundary that lies between the abyssal zone and the overlying bathyal zone is the depth where the water temperature drops to 4° C (39° F). The zone is defined mainly by the extremely uniform environmental conditions, which are being reflected as distinct life forms which belong to it. This zone is shallower than about 6,000 m (which is 20,000 feet). The abyssal zone is defined as the portion of the ocean which is deeper than about 2,000 m (that is 6,600 feet).
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